How to Make Silver Polishing Dip

The most effective method to Make Silver Polishing Dip As silver oxidizes, it will discolor. This layer of oxidation can be expelled without cleaning and scouring by essentially plunging your silver in this non-harmful electrochemical plunge. Another enormous bit of leeway to utilizing a plunge is that the fluid can arrive at places a cleaning fabric can't. This is a simple examination and takes minor minutes! Silver Polish Ingredients Sink or glass panHot waterBaking sodaSaltAluminum foilTarnished silver Instructions to Remove Silver Tarnish Line the base of the sink or a glass heating dish with a sheet of aluminum foil.Fill the foil-fixed compartment with steaming hot water.Add salt (sodium chloride) and preparing pop (sodium bicarbonate) to the water. A few plans call for 2 teaspoons of heating pop and 1 teaspoon of salt, though others call for 2 tablespoons every one of preparing pop and salt. No compelling reason to quantify the sums - simply include a touch of each substance.Drop the silver things into the holder so they are contacting one another and laying on the foil. You will have the option to watch the stain disappear.Leave intensely discolored things in the answer for up to 5 minutes. Something else, expel the silver when it shows up clean.Rinse the silver with water and tenderly buff it dry with a delicate towel.Ideally, you should store your silver in a low-dampness condition. You can put a compartment of initiated charcoal or a bit of chalk in the capacity territory to limit future stain. Tips for Success Use care when cleaning or plunging silver plated things. It is anything but difficult to erode the flimsy layer of silver and cause more mischief than anything through over-cleaning.Minimize presenting your silver to substances that contain sulfur (e.g., mayonnaise, eggs, mustard, onions, latex, fleece) on the grounds that the sulfur will cause corrosion.Using your silver flatware/holloware or wearing silver adornments assists with keeping it liberated from discolor.

Greenspan: The Man Behind Money Essay -- Essays Paapers

Greenspan: The Man Behind Money In Justin Martin's book Greenspan: The Man Behind Money, the life of Dr. Alan Greenspan, a man whose ability in financial matters has significantly affected the condition of the U.S. economy, is told from a recorded point of view and in a semi-sequential request. Alan Greenspan experienced childhood in New York City's Manhattan. After his folks separated from he went to live with his mom and her folks. Greenspan's dad once in a while visited, yet when he did, Greenspan was very upbeat. This detail struck an enthusiastic rope in that it was clear Greenspan strived to succeed for himself as well as for the endorsement of his dad. Greenspan's dad was a NY Stock Broker and distributed a book entitled, Recovery Ahead, a book about President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and the condition of the economy. The book had the accompanying engraving: May this my underlying exertion with a consistent idea of you branch into a perpetual chain of comparative endeavors so that at your development you may think back and try to decipher the thinking behind these intelligent estimates and start your very own like work. Your Dad. (4) This would inevitably turn into Greenspan's strategic life. In spite of the fact that he saw his dad barely any occasions durin g his grown-up life, his dad doubtlessly new of his child's prosperity through the entirety of the media consideration Greenspan got throughout the years. Greenspan was impacted by his mom, books, and by tutors throughout his life. While in participation at Columbia University, Greenspan took a course on business cycles, educated by Arthur Burns. On the principal day of class, Professor Burns posed the accompanying inquiry, What causes swelling? at that point stated, Overabundance government spending causes expansion. Greenspan having perused John Maynard Keyne... ...hardship of the poor was gotten with boo's and outrage. He immediately understood the lack of care of what he had said and apologized. The book specifies that from his instructive foundation, work understanding, and his time at his Economic firm Alan Greenspan was bound to become Chair of the central bank, however paying little heed to the profession he had picked, it appears that Greenspan was bound to succeed-period. In the wake of perusing this book, I am altogether intrigued by Chairman Greenspan, yet I likewise comprehend Economics from a recorded point of view and its effect on my life-past, present, and future. Justin Martin put forth an admirable attempt to, in detail, clarify the standards behind financial aspects so that made it straightforward and pleasant to peruse. Works Cited Martin, Justin. Greenspan: The Man Behind Money. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing, 2000.

Analysis of the Rhetorical Devices free essay sample

Upheaval numerous records, discourses and drawings were made trying to bring together the pioneers and battle the British oppression. Of these reports, there were three that assumed a significant job in the Revolution. These three archives utilized comparable composing strategies to convince pioneers into one shared objective; energizing against Great Britain. Every one of the three of these archives were convincing talks, written to bind together the pilgrims. None of the records were really composed to be perused, yet rather written to be spoken. They are composed so anybody of any insight would have the option to enabled them.Of the numerous explanatory gadgets they utilized non-serious inquiries ordinarily In their talks so as to recover center from their audience members, and include additional feeling. Patrick Henry, the author of the Speech in the Virginia Convention utilized numerous non-serious inquiries all through his composition. He poses inquiries, for example, Are armadas and armed forces important to a work of adoration and compromise? Have we demonstrated ourselves so reluctant to be accommodated that power must be gotten back to In to win our adoration? Utilizing this sort of addressing he Is ready to express his sentiment, and he doesnt permit a lot of time for repetitions. We will compose a custom article test on Investigation of the Rhetorical Devices or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It powers his audience members to consider the focuses he Is making, and It normally convinces them Into his perspective. These archives Included numerous instances of anaphora. The utilization of anaphora underlined numerous Important purposes of the archives. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, utilized the word he to begin a significant number of his sentences when alluding to Great Britain. The rehashing of the word he toward the start of each sentence assisted with the progression of the piece, and furthermore showed pessimism towards the ruler. Repetition was additionally utilized In the entirety of the pieces to introduce the journalists sees In various ways.The utilization of analogies and similitudes was normally present In Patrick Henrys works, and you could discover sayings In The Crawls l, composed by Thomas Paine. Axioms helped the author offer short amazing expressions that the overall population could comprehend. Other Important explanatory gadgets utilized In these three records Included parallelism, redundancy, and while conveying their addresses they utilized speech. Three gifted journalists In the Revolutionary Era introduced archives that would hanged the manner in which pilgrims saw Brutal, elevate their splats and bring together them as one country.Analysis of the Rhetorical Devices utilized in the Revolutionary Era Speeches By feeds Of the numerous explanatory gadgets they utilized facetious inquiries commonly in their to be accommodated that power must be gotten back to in to win our adoration? Utilizing this sort of addressing he can express his feeling, and he doesnt permit a lot of time for fight. It powers his audience members to consider the focuses he is making, and it for the most part convinces them into his perspective. These archives included numerous instances of anaphora.The utilization of anaphora underlined numerous significant purposes of the reports. Thomas Jefferson, the Restatement was additionally utilized in the entirety of the pieces to introduce the essayists sees in various manners. The utilization of analogies and re presentations was generally present in Patrick Henrys works, and you could discover maxims in The Crisis l, composed by Thomas Other significant explanatory gadgets utilized in these three reports included Three extremely skilled scholars in the Revolutionary.

Decartes meditations Essay Example For Students

Decartes reflections Essay In Descartes Meditations he discusses a wide range of things.Two things he discusses are his contentions on Dreams and what he calls the Evil Demon. Them two have to do with beguiling the psyche into having faith in things that might be false. The fantasy contention has to do with that we never really know whether we are dreaming or we are wakeful. Since it is extremely unlikely for an individual to tell in the event that they are dreaming or not, an individual practically can not tell on the off chance that anything they have ever experienced or is encountering is genuine or only a unimportant dream. We choose what is genuine what we can detect; the issue is that your cerebrum can deceive your faculties. Your fantasies can cause you to feel like you are accomplishing something, seeing something, or feeling some other sense. Presently this fits directly in with the Evil Demon contention. In the Evil Demon contention you are being deceived by an outside source. This outside source can do completely anything, it can control the entirety of your faculties and you have no force at all to stop this being. So if the being can control your faculties nothing you sense, or accept is there, really is there. In the event that both of these things is genuine have we really ever done anything? What are we genuinely doing? In the interim I have composed this whole paper have I truly composed anything? For all I know is that I imagined I composing this whole paper. Indeed my faculties reveal to me I composed this paper. I needed to consider what to type and in the interim I was composing the paper I was getting truly exhausted, at that point my feeling of hearing hears the signature tune to the TV show The Simpsons. Was this spectacular TV show quite, or was some unrivaled being simply playing with my psyche? My inclination is that it truly doesnt matter on the off chance that it was genuine or I had fun and the half hour break I trusted I had in the interim I was watching it. List of sources:

Cavour and Bismarck respectively Essay Example for Free

Cavour and Bismarck individually Essay The unification of the conditions of Italy and Germany was fundamentally determined by how every legislator, Cavour and Bismarck individually, took care of the circumstance in their own nations. For the most part, the two heads actualize the way toward occupying their considerations on the best way to launch interfering powers out of the regional states by beginning a plot which will cause exceptionally normal philosophical point of view, to drive away outside powers. . Cavour had the option to touch off the war with the Austrians which lead to the absolute procurement of domains for Italy. This began the unification procedure for the nation since numerous powers of the states share similar assessments (Arcaini, 2005). Then again, Bismarck of Germany additionally started a contention so as to bring together the remote powers inside the focal German impact. Albeit by implication, he made a little intrigue by drawing in a person to acknowledge a regal situation in Spain so as to begin the Franco-Prussian war. The blends of powers lead to the unification of various German states. Between the two, Germany could be a potential powerful European pioneer. This can be ascribed because of its brought together degree of impact inside its limits both topographically and strategically. In contrast to the Italian state, it is additionally arranged in a way where simpler key area is a major factor, a bit of leeway to hand-off data to other European nations. Another factor which gives a more noteworthy preferred position of Germany over Italy is that they demonstrated a mightier power regarding catching different governments. At the point when the war among France and the Northern conditions of Germany was finished, Paris was caught viewed as the French focus of government. References Arcaini. 2005. The Italian Unification. Arcaini. Recovered November 17, 2007 from http://www. arcaini. com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification. htm.

How Lighting Affects Productivity and Mood

How Lighting Affects Productivity and Mood Lighting, believe it or not, can have a significant impact on one’s concentration and productivity, especially those of office workers. And now according to recent studies, it seems that lighting has a deeper impact on our lives than we had ever known.In fact, according to a recent study, Philips says that there is a significant link between light and circadian rhythms known as “built-in clocks” which is what determines our sleep cycle, relaxation, and stimulation. Lighting has also been said to decrease depression as well as improve one’s energy, mood, alertness, and productivity.So as you can see, light has a profound effect on our body as Stanley Felderman of Felderman Keatinge Associates, a design studio that operates alongside his wife Nancy Keatinge, says so. Both of them believe that humans are genetically programmed to perform better under specific lighting, which is what allows us to react differently depending on our light environment.A study by the American Societ y of Interior Design shows that 68% of employees complain about the lighting situation in their offices. Because of poor lighting, people get headaches due to the strain it puts on their eyes. That’s why office lighting should be one of the very first things to consider during the office design phase.Proper lighting can not only be good for a person’s health, provides positive attitude and productivity, but it also helps the company save up on money as employers can monitor the well-being of their employees.However, there are some lights that do not boost a person’s health and productivity and those are artificial or harsh lights. Artificial lighting is another kind of light that is not considered ‘natural,’ including overhead light fixtures, lamps, etc. Offices, however, use a type of artificial lighting that is neither too harsh or too dim.VARIATIONS IN LIGHTINGLet’s talk about lighting temperatures and colors and what they mean.Light temperature, measured in Kelvin (K ), is the numerical measurement of color that is emitted when an object is heated with a high enough temperature. When the temperature increases, the object changes color and starts emitting various colors of that light.Let us take the example of a blacksmith heating an iron horseshoe. When the temperature of the horseshoe rises, its colors change from red to orange, then yellow, then white and then finally, bluish-white.The lower color temperature light sources are known as ‘warm’ because they emit red, orange and yellow colors. Higher color temperature light sources are considered “cool” because they’re in the violet and blue range of the color spectrum.Here is a rundown of the color temperatures of the light sources:Higher color temperatures (4,600K or more) are known as cool or daylight colors as they appear blue-white.Mid-range color temperatures (3,100Kâ€"4,600K) give off a cool white appearance.Lower color temperatures (up to 3,000K) are considered warm colors and r ange from red to yellowish-white.Felderman and Keatinge gave other examples of what these colors look like in everyday life:The glow-from-the-fire lighting is over 2,000K and is known as a warm color.The sunset lighting is about 4,000K and is known as a cool white color.A typical sunny day lighting is about 5,000K or 5,500K and is known as a cool color.The lighting during an overcast winter day is over 7,000K and is known as a cool color.Here is a graph of how these color temperature variations affect productivity:Source: Westinghouse Lighting Journal of Circadian RhythmsEFFECTS OF POOR OFFICE LIGHTINGSome of the things that you need to consider when choosing office lighting are:1.  Headaches And MigrainesHarsh overhead office lighting is usually one of the causes of migraines and headaches. If any employee experiences headaches or migraines during their work, it could cause them discomfort, which prevents them from feeling productive or motivated. And if that employee requires med ical attention for their condition, it could affect the overall productivity of the company they work for.2.  Lack Of Or Poor SleepWithin the human body is a circadian rhythm, which is the internal clock that is triggered by natural lighting, which our body responds to for the whole day. The reason for this is because our bodies are naturally attuned to the rhythms of sunlight. So if companies were able to replicate this type of lighting during office hours, their employees will be more motivated and energized. This, in turn, helps improve their quality of sleep at night, which result in longer and restful nights as well as well productive days.3.  Strained EyesIf a computer staring at the bright light of a computer screen all day is bothered by poor office lighting, it could cause extra strain on their eyes. This bothersome combination could interfere with one’s ability to concentrate and ultimately, lower their productivity.4.  Fatigue And DrowsinessQuite often, tired or fatigue d employees will turn to distractions such as online videos, games, checking their social media status or listening to music to liven themselves up. Though an alternative lighting system could help prevent such things, thereby increasing an employee’s motivation to carry on with their work.The only way out of this predicament is to increase your access to natural light and let’s open up more on that in the following passages.NATURAL LIGHT PROVIDES OVERALL SATISFACTIONNatural light is the ideal solution for office workers since it not only helps our eyesight but it also boosts our energy and mood levels, happiness and encourages a general willingness to show up at work without delay.In one study, 75.8% of employees said that they prefer natural light, whereas 56.9% of them are satisfied with their current workplace arrangement. What’s more is that natural light has proven to reduce the effects of seasonal affective disorder.Also, natural is a relatively less expensive alternati ve.MORE LIGHT OPTIONS PROVIDE MORE CONTROLWith more light options at workplaces, employees experience a greater sense of comfort and control over their surroundings. And when employees work in a much more pleasant environment, their quality of work will evidently increase as well.Employees, depending on personal preference and the type of project that they’re working on, can decide whether or not they prefer dimmers or brighter lighting, but that’s only if or when a company decides to install lights with dimmers on them. This gives employees more control about how they want to work and in what type of environment.OFFICE LIGHTING THAT PROMOTES ERGONOMIC SUCCESSOffice work lighting varies depending on the size of the room or area as well as the type of work that can be done with it. Some of the main types of lighting include:1.  Ambient LightingThis is a brighter form of lighting which is usually used in hallways, conference rooms, and reception areas to give the place better illu mination. Larger lighting installation is required for this, especially with overhead light fixtures.For this reason, many offices use fluorescent lighting. But in spite of its less expensive upfront cost, this type of lighting can cause adverse effects on both health and productivity in the long-run. Instead, you should opt for incandescent lighting. Or perhaps if fluorescent lighting is used throughout your office, use natural light to negate its negative effects.2.  Task lightingTask lighting is when you wish to illuminate a specific area where you are cooking, reading a book, writing or working with your hands. You can use this type of lighting, especially during cloudy days, like when there is a deficiency of natural light. However, for it to be effective, the light has to contrast with the rest of the space. For this reason, a desk lamp could certainly come in handy.3.  Accent/focal lightingAccent lighting is used to illuminating something that you put up for display. A common example of this is when people wish to illuminate a miniature model of a building that they wish to construct to show their clients.HOW LIGHTING CAN IMPROVE YOUR MOOD, PRODUCTIVITY HEALTHYou will be doing yourself a huge favor if you consider your workplace lighting as a couple of adjustments can make a monumental difference for both your well-being and productivity. Here’s how that can be done:1.  Turn Down Overhead LightsMany workplaces have twice as much of the lighting level recommended by OSHA as Michael Helander, CEO, and co-founder of OLED company OTI Lumionics says.He later adds that the human eye is very bad at determining the actual levels of light. This is because we see light based on the amount of contrast between different types of light in our world. In other words, we use comparisons to determine light levels. For example, if employees see that the light in the hallway is more lit up than the office itself, they might feel that the office isn’t bright enough, e ven though it has the exact same brightness as the hallway.Apart from that, we as human beings have a knack for thinking that more lighting is better for us. Helander says that North Americans tend to ask for bigger, more powerful and brighter lights as it makes them feel safer. Another way to put it is that they think more lights help them understand the world better when in fact, it is the opposite. If our eyes get more exposure to light, it will create a disability glare,’ which makes it even harder for us to see things clearly.2.  Opt For More Flexible LightingThe amount of light that is best differs from one person to another as well as the tasks they want to get done. For instance, someone who works on multiple computer screens will have different lighting needs than those who work on physical documents.That’s why the best solution is to opt for variable or flexible lighting, which allows one to dim overhead lights as well as provide individual light and lamps that can be turned on or off based on a person’s preference or task. This, as a result, also saves up on electricity since you no longer need lighting for space that isn’t being used.3.  Use OLED LightingIf you know about high-end tablets, then you’re already aware of what OLED (organic light-emitting diode) lighting is. It is the kind of lighting that is used to create flat-panel lighting, which is easier on our eyes than conventional light bulbs.4.  Decrease Blue LightHelander says that most office environments rely on fluorescent and LED lights, which give off blue light. Blue light occurs naturally and is responsible for boosting our attention and mood in the morning and early afternoon. Its biggest problem, however, is that it disrupts our sleep cycles, especially when we continue to work past sunset.The way around this is to look for lighting alternatives that give off less blue light. You may want to consider wearing blue light-blocking glasses given that computers and other digita l screens give off blue light as well. You can even install a blue-light blocking app on your smartphone or tablet, especially when you’re getting ready for bed.5.  Use As Much Natural Light As You CanMost office environments these days, don’t allow many natural light sources even if there are windows. This depends on the weather and time of the day. And sometimes, it may get cloudy some days, but it’s still healthy to get as much natural light as possible in order to reduce strain on your eyes and other related issues.17,000K BLUE-ENRICHED LIGHT BULBSIf for instance, you don’t have access to natural sunlight, then “blue-enriched” light bulbs could be a good alternative. Several studies say that “blue-enriched” light bulbs that are 17,000k actually helps boost work performance by supporting mental vitality, acuity, and alertness, while also reducing daytime sleepiness and fatigue.The University of Greenwich researchers reported that workers who were put under “blue -enriched light bulbs” for two-months were found to be much happier and alert and were said to have less eye strain.Blue light is also said to reduce melatonin, a hormone produced in our glands, which puts us to sleep. It is said to keep us alert in the same manner as coffee.Given its numerous cognitive benefits, it would be a wise move to install blue or cooler lights in brainstorming rooms so that workers can feel invigorated and excited whenever they wish to share their ideas with the company.Warmer tones, which create a sense of comfort, should be used in intimate settings if you want workers to feel calm and relaxed, like the meeting room, for example, if you wish to create a sense of trust with them.Middle tones should be used to instill a friendly and inviting environment, like in conference rooms, but they should also have cool enough tones to keep workers motivated and alert.POSITIONING OF OFFICE FURNITURE CAN HELP WITH LIGHTINGBelieve it or not, office furniture also pla ys a significant role in avoiding the negative effects of artificial lighting and allow us to enjoy the positive effect of natural lighting, as long as we set our furniture in the right position against natural lighting that is. When we get this done, it will have a very positive effect on the overall work productivity.One very good tactic is to arrange office furniture in a way that allows workers to face opposite the artificial lighting. This will reduce the intensity of artificial lighting that workers would have otherwise come in contact with, which would then result in headaches and eye strain. Once you get this right, workers can maintain their work productivity, thereby improving the overall outcome of the company.Even though the positioning of furniture is crucial, it is also important to have the right kind of office furnitures such as standing desks and ergonomic chairs. Ergonomic chairs are quite useful in reducing stress in workers, relieve stress and ensure the perfect seating arrangement. Doing this also lends a hand in improving a worker’s efficiency and productivity by making them feel comfortable and happy.HOW LIGHTING IMPROVES MOOD AND QUALITY AT HOMEBesides workplaces, lighting also affects our mood and productivity at home. As a matter of fact, it has been documented that insufficient lighting can contribute to depression and deficiency in Vitamin D. Proper lighting, on the other hand, has been known to improve mood and energy levels.Other studies found that lighting can affect appetite. In the case of brightly-lit rooms, people were found to eat slower and lighter meals. But they usually overeat in rooms with dim lighting.However, the most significant impact of lighting at home is that it affects our circadian rhythms. Here, lighting has a two-sides-of-the-same-coin kind of effect as it could encourage you to sleep or also keep you awake all night.Natural light is what is best for mornings and daytimes whereas dim or artificial lighting is best for evenings. If you get these lightings mixed up, it could make it difficult for you to sleep or find energy throughout the day.CONCLUSIONTo recap, harsh or dim lighting can be detrimental to the overall productivity at workplaces, where cooler, blue or natural lighting sources can do the opposite of all that and help us save up on monthly energy bills and improve the overall outcome of a company.

University Admissions Decisions

University Admissions Decisions March 22, 2013 Dont be glued to the phone as you await word on university admissions decisions. Dont forget as you receive word of your university  admissions decisions to learn your fate alone. Alone as in with nobody else around. Its not a good idea to surround yourself with friends when you read the email that will tell you whether or not youve been admitted to the college of your dreams. What if that friend didnt get in? What if theyre jealous? What if theyre resentful because they had better grades and scores than you and didnt get in? These just arent good emotions to surround yourself with as you find out where you might be spending the next four years of your life. If youre someone who has been refreshing your email inbox constantly in class, or on spring break, or in the shower, or in between laps in the pool (your phone is bound to get wet), its time to stop. Turn off your phone. Your admissions decisions arent going to be overturned because you didnt receive the email the second it was sent. Seriously. College admissions counselors arent monitoring how quickly it took you to read your decision. And, frankly, the ball isnt in their court when they send out their decisions. Its in yours whether or not you were admitted. We cant tell you how many high school seniors we see who are glued to their phones around this time waiting on their admissions decisions. They all look absolutely miserable. Theres no need to be miserable at this time. If youre on spring break, enjoy it. Soak in some sun. Read books. Yes, you read that correctly. Read books for pleasure. Does that seem foreign to you? Oy vey. Just get off the phone. Theres no need to constantly click refresh, Mark Zuckerberg.

Correlation Between Motivational Factors For Athletes And...

Furthermore, just as there are motivational factors for athletes, and that there are also different attitudes or beliefs that athletes might have towards certain facets, such as doping or wanting to be successful. It is imperative that one understands that those same factors and or facets are quite similar if not identical to the factors and or facets associated with those athletes. Going forward, there will be an in depth examination of the correlation between motivational factors for athletes and those of sport ministries. Sport ministries can be defined as, activity put on by an organization that occurs during a person’s leisure time, that has a specific purpose and or deliberate intention of assisting individuals become conscious of†¦show more content†¦As stated before, although the motivational factors are quite similar to the factors affecting athletes, I believe it to be of dyer importance to depict the motivational factors for a sports ministry from a theo logical perspective. There are four distinctive theological motivations for sport ministry and they are creation, worship, redemption, and liberty and experience. With regards to creation in sports ministry, one must understand that it consist of two different levels. XXXXXX These levels of creation can either be micro-creation or macro-creation. For example God can be glorified through sport because he created it. Therefore, anything created by God can give him praise. This is why athletes can glorify God because; they have been created by the creator (God). Consequently, a micro level of creation would be an athlete using his or her talents to be successful but, with sport ministry that individual is a mere reflection of Christ, because Christ was the one who gave said individual the gift to begin with. Genesis 1:27-28 makes references to micro-creation when it says, â€Å"So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth† (KJV, 2001). Being a reflection of Christ

Invention of the Push Pin

The push pin was invented and patented in 1900 by Edwin Moore, in Newark, New Jersey. Moore founded the Moore Push-Pin Company with only $112.60. He rented a room and devoted each afternoon and evening to making push pins, an invention he described as a pin with a handle. In his original patent application, Moore described push pins as pins whose body portion can be firmly held by the operator when inserting the device, all liability of the operators fingers slipping and tearing or marring the film being removed. In the mornings, he sold what he had made the night before. His first sale was one gross (a dozen dozens) of push-pins for $2.00. The next memorable order was for $75.00, and his first major sale was for $1,000 worth of push pins, to the Eastman Kodak Company. Moore made his push pins from glass and steel.   Today push pins, also known as thumbtacks or drawing pins, are used widely in offices across the word. Moore Push-Pin Company As soon as he was well established, Edwin Moore began advertising. In 1903, his first national advertisement appeared in The Ladies Home Journal at a cost of $168.00. The company continued to grow and was incorporated on July 19, 1904, as the Moore Push-Pin Company. Over the next few years, Edwin Moore invented and patented many other items, such as picture hangers and map tacks. From 1912 through 1977, the Moore Push-Pin Company was located on Berkeley Street in Germantown, Philadelphia. Today, the Moore Push-Pin Company occupies a large, well-equipped plant in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. The business is still exclusively devoted to the manufacturing and packaging of little things.

Renewable Power Generation Can Help Countries Meet Their...

INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Renewable power generation can help countries meet their sustainable development goals through provision of access to clean, secure, reliable and affordable energy. Renewable energy has gone mainstream, accounting for the majority of capacity additions in power generation today. Tens of gigawatts of wind, hydropower and solar photovoltaic capacity are installed worldwide every year in a renewable energy market that is worth more than a hundred billion USD annually. Other renewable power technology markets are also emerging. Recent years have seen dramatic reductions in renewable energy technologies’ costs as a result of research and development (RD) and accelerated deployment. The development of wind†¦show more content†¦In 2015, Egypt added 200 MW of new wind power, bringing the country’s total wind capacity to 810 MW. Egypt’s wind farms are located in three regions along the Red Sea coast: the biggest one is the 545 megawatt Zafar Ana wind farm consisting of 700 turbines; the 200 MW Gabal El Zayet wind farm was inaugurated in November 2015, and consists of 134 turbines; and the 5 MW Hurghada wind farm. By the end of 2015 South Africa had over 500 wind turbines producing a total of 1GW (Fried, et al., 2015). By the end of 2015 the number of countries with more than 1,000 MW installed capacity was 26: including 17 in Europe; 4 in Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan Australia); 3 in North America (Canada, Mexico, US), 1 in Latin America (Brazil) and 1 in Africa (South Africa). By the end of the same year eight countries had more than 10,000 MW of installed capacity including China (145,362 MW), the US (74,471 MW), Germany (44,947 MW), India (25,088 MW), Spain (23,025 MW), UK (13,603 MW), Canada (11,205 MW), and France (10,358 MW) (Fried, et al., 2015). 1.2 BACKGROUND Zimbabwe has a low average annual wind speed of 3 m/s. Midlands has considerably higher wind speeds than the rest of the country, between 3m/s and 6m/s. This speed can be considered low for power generation (Hove, et al., 2014). The designs of industrial wind turbines on the market today work at wind speeds that are above the midlands average. Current turbine designs are not well suited for suchShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis Of Sustainable Development Strategies1634 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Analysis of Sustainable Development Strategies in Morocco Introduction Morocco is a developing country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. 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In fact, it is even talked about in the offices of governors and the POTUS. The reason why so many people are raising this question is the rise in petroleum prices and the depletion of natural resources. The rising prices of petroleum is not a new thing; It has happening for decades, but the American peopleRead MoreSustainable Opportunities For Reducing Carbon Emissions And Climate Change Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesTruth). This popular awareness and urgency is spurring change in every corner of society as governments, organizations, and individuals reexamine their impacts on the environment and adopt sustainable or green measures to reduce those impacts. Every aspect of life must be reexamined to determine sustainable opportunities for reducing carbon emissions and climate change through conservation practices and alternative techn ologies, such as biofuels. 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The expansion of the population and the financial industries has led to an increase of stress on our natural resources. This is creating a severe challenge for the decades ahead which is why it is imperative for companies to enforce a sustainable work system. The Brundtland Commission described it as â€Å"development thatRead MoreWhy Did Lans Join Aseann1465 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1990s, Laos agreed and joined AFTA in order to join ASEAN, but was given longer time frames in which to meet AFTAs tariff reduction obligations [7]. AFTA, with its main goal, to increase ASEANs competiti ve edge as a production base in the world market through the elimination, within ASEAN, of tariffs and non-tariff barriers; and to attract more foreign direct investment to ASEAN, used the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme as the main mechanism, which comprises a schedule forRead MoreSustainability Position Paper : Natural Resources And Technology1652 Words   |  7 PagesWe live in a developed world where natural resources as being consumed very fast and this is something that needs to change. Sustainability is also about thinking what the long term effects of our actions will have in the coming future. The mains goals of sustainability are: to end poverty, improve healthcare, increase education and develop economic growth. This essay will discuss natural resources and overpopulation and how they will affect the coming future. Natural Resources and Sustainability

Family Therapy By Michael P Nichols Essay - 2048 Words

Family is something that plays a tremendous role in our life. Even though the structure of families has changed over the years, it is important to acknowledge that there many families out there whether they are traditional families, nuclear family, stepfamilies or others which tend to have different types of problems in their families. Therefore, many families attempt to go to family therapy in order for them to obtain help in solving the different types of issues they might have at home. As stated in the book Family Therapy by Michael P. Nichols (2013), â€Å"The power of family therapy derives from bringing parents and children together to transform their interaction†¦ What keeps people stuck in their inability to see their own participation in the problems that plague them. With eyes fixed firmly on what recalcitrant others are doing, it’s hard for most people to see the patterns that bind them together. The family therapist’s job is to give them a wake-up ca ll† (2013). To complete the movie analysis assignment I decided to use a fantasy comedy movie called Matilda (1996 Film) by Danny DeVito. Matilda family is an ordinary family with a mother, father and a brother. Matilda Wormwood is a genius girl, who lives with both of her parents. Her father Harry, who is a car salesman and Zinnia the mother, who has a tremendous love and need of playing bingo, and her older brother Michael. During this film we can observe different types of family dynamics such as gender factors. ForShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Narrative Therapy Essay1873 Words   |  8 PagesNarrative Therapy In the early 80’s a new theory garnered acclaim in psychotherapeutic circles. It is called Narrative therapy and has its roots in a postmodern idea known as constructivism. 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Is there water and life on mars Free Essays

Unlike Earth, since there are no oceans to obscure the planet Mars, its topography is now better explored and known than that of Earth (Australian Geographic 2003). It has the largest known volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, three times as high as Mt Everest, arid the longest and deepest known canyon, Valles Marineris, 4000 km long and 10 km deep (Australian Geographic 2003). Mars has no continental plate movement, so its surface isn’t constantly reworked by mountain-building processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Is there water and life on mars? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, much of the landscape is as it was billions of years ago (Australian Geographic 2003). NASA researchers are taking lessons from the debate about life on Earth to Mars. Their future missions will incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology designed to detect individual molecules made by Martian organisms, either living or long dead (Zimmer 2005). The search for life on Mars has become more urgent thanks in part to probes by the two rovers now roaming Mars’ surface and another spaceship that is orbiting the planet. In recent months, they’ve made a series of astonishing discoveries that, once again, tempt scientists to believe that Mars harbors life or did so in the past. At a February conference in the Netherlands, an audience of Mars experts was surveyed about Martian life. Some 75 percent of the scientists said they thought life once existed there, and of them, 25 percent think that Mars harbors life today (Zimmer 2005). The search for the fossil remains of primitive single-celled organisms like bacteria took off in 1953, when Stanley Tyler, an economic geologist at the University of Wisconsin, puzzled over some 2.1 billion-year-old rocks he’d gathered in Ontario, Canada (Zimmer 2005). His glassy black rocks known as cherts were loaded with strange, microscopic filaments and hollow balls. Working with Harvard paleobotonist Elso Barghoorn, Tyler proposed that the shapes were actually fossils, left behind by ancient life-forms such as algae. Before Tyler and Barghoorn’s work, few fossils had been found that predated the Cambrian Period, which began about 540 million years ago (Zimmer 2005). Now the two scientists were positing that life was present much earlier in the 4.55 billion-year history of the planet. How much further back it went remained for later scientists to discover (Zimmer 2005)? In the next decades, paleontologists in Africa found 3 billion-year-old fossil traces of microscopic bacteria that had lived in massive marine reefs (Zimmer 2005). Bacteria can also form what are called biofilms, colonies that grow in thin layers over surfaces such as rocks and the ocean floor, and scientists have found solid evidence for biofilms dating back 3.2 billion years (Zimmer 2005). Fluvial Landforms geologic features putatively formed by water were identified in images of Mars taken by the Mariner and Viking spacecraft in the 1970s (Bell 2006). These landforms included enormous channels carved by catastrophic floods and large-scale valley networks somewhat reminiscent of river drainage systems on Earth. Over the past decade, images from the Mars Global Surveyor, which has been orbiting Mars since 1997, have revealed spectacular examples of extremely small and seemingly young gullies formed in the walls of some craters and canyons. These observations indicate the past presence of liquid water on the Martian surface or just below it but not necessarily for long periods (Bell 2006). The water from the catastrophic floods, for example, may have lasted only a few days or weeks on the surface before freezing, seeping back into the ground or evaporating. Furthermore, the networks of river-like valleys shown in the Viking orbiter images do not have the same characteristics as terrestrial river valleys when seen at higher resolution (Bell 2006). The Martian valleys could have formed entirely from subsurface water flow and ground erosion a process known as sapping-rather than from water moving over the surface. The gullies observed in the Mars Global Surveyor’s images may also be the result of water seeping underground below ice or from buried snow deposits (Bell 2006). Although these features are stunning and dramatic indicators of water on Mars, they do not firmly prove that the Red Planet once had a warmer, wetter, more Earth-like environment with long-lasting lakes and rivers. In the past few years, however, new satellite images have provided much more convincing evidence that stable, Earthlike conditions prevailed on Mars for long periods (Bell 2006). One of the most exciting discoveries is a class of features that look like river deltas. The best and largest example, photographed by the Mars Global Surveyor, is at the end of a valley network that drains into Eberswalde Crater in a region southeast of the Valles Marineris canyon system (Bell 2006). This drainage system terminates in a 10-kilometer-wide, layered, fan-shaped landform characterized by meandering ridges that crosscut one another and show varying degrees of erosion. To many geologists, this feature has all the characteristics of a delta that formed at the end of a sediment-bearing river flowing into a shallow lake. Further evidence of an Earth-like climate in Mars’s past comes from high-resolution images, taken by the Mars Odyssey and Global Surveyor orbiters, of the small-scale valley networks on the plateaus and walls of the Valles Marineris canyon system. Unlike previously identified valley networks that seem to have formed largely from subsurface flow, these newly found networks have characteristics that are consistent with their formation by rainfall or snowmelt and surface runoff. For example, the networks are arranged in dense, branching patterns, and the lengths and widths of the valleys increase from their sources to their mouths. Moreover, the sources are located along the ridge crests, suggesting that the landscape was molded by precipitation and runoff. Indeed, these landforms provide the best evidence to date that it may have rained on Mars. A more exploratory possibility is that these runoff features arose relatively recently, perhaps one billion to 1.5 billion years after Mars formed. To estimate the ages of Martian landforms, researchers count the number of impact craters on the feature the more impacts the region has endured, the older it is. This dating method, however, has many uncertainties; it can be difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary impact craters and volcanic calderas, and erosion has destroyed the evidence of craters in some regions (Bell 2006). Still, if these surface runoff valleys do turn out to be relatively young, Mars may have had an Earth-like climate for as much as a third of the planet’s history and perhaps longer if even younger valleys are eventually identified. Yet another piece of evidence supporting persistent liquid water on Mars is the observation of truly enormous amounts of erosion and sedimentation in many parts of the planet. Making calculations based on new orbital imaging data, researchers have determined that the rate at which sediments were deposited and eroded in the first billion years of the planet’s history may have been about a million times as high as the present-day rate (Bell 2006). But what process could have transported the massive amount of sediment needed to bury almost everything in the Gale Crater region? (Bell 2006) Scientists believe flowing water offers the best explanation. Studies of erosion and sedimentation rates on Earth suggest that wind could have moved some of the Martian sediment in the past (just as it is doing today, albeit at a very slow pace). No viable wind-based scenario, however, can explain the rapid transport of millions of cubic kilometers of material across large fractions of the planet’s surface, which apparently occurred repeatedly during Mars’s early history. Flowing water, though, has routinely moved gargantuan amounts of sediment on Earth and could have done so on the Red Planet as well. In addition scrutinizing the shape of Martian landforms, scientists have searched for hints of liquid water in the composition of the planet’s minerals (Bell 2006). One of the reasons why researchers had long believed that Mars never enjoyed an extensive period of warm and wet climate is that much of the surface not covered by wind-borne dust appears to be composed of material that is largely unweathered pristine volcanic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. If water had flowed over the surface for a long time, the argument went, it would have chemically altered and weathered the volcanic minerals, creating clays or other oxidized, hydrated phases (minerals that incorporate water molecules or hydroxide ions in their crystal structure). The emerging paradigm is that Mars had an extensive watery past: puddles or ponds or lakes or seas (or all of them) existing for long periods and exposed to what must have been a thicker, warmer atmosphere. During the first billion or so years of Martian history, the Red Planet was a much more Earth-like place, probably hospitable to the formation and evolution of life as currently known. The Martian environment began to change, however, as sulfur built up, the waters became acidic and the planet’s geologic activity waned (Bell 2006). Clays gave way to sulfates as the acid rain (of sorts) continued to alter the volcanic rocks and break down any carbonates that may have formed earlier. Over time, the atmosphere thinned out; perhaps it was lost to space when the planet’s magnetic field shut off, or maybe it was blown off by catastrophic impacts or sequestered somehow in the crust. Mars eventually became the cold, arid planet recognized today. This new view of Mars is not yet universally accepted, however. Key questions remain unanswered (Bell 2006): How long did the waters flow in the Eberswalde delta; for decades or millennia? Where are all the sediments that appear to have been eroded from Meridiani Planum and places such as Gale Crater? And were they eroded by water or wind or something else? What is the global abundance of clay minerals on Mars, and were they ever major components of the planet’s crust? And, most vexing, where are the carbonates that should have formed in the warm, wet, carbon dioxide-rich environment but have not yet been observed anywhere on Mars, not even in the older terrains where clays have been detected? Acidic water could have destroyed the bulk of the carbonates but surely not all of them! Perhaps the most important question of all is: Did water or life ever exist on Mars, and if so, was it able to evolve as the environment changed so dramatically to the present-day climate? (Bell 2006) The answer depends in large part on how long the Earth-like conditions lasted. What can be deduced is that the past decade of discoveries on Mars may be only a small taste of an even more exciting century of robotic and eventually human exploration. References Australian Geographic, (2003) Life on Mars. 08161658, Jul-Sep2003, Issue 71 Bell, J., (2006) The Red Planet’s Watery Past. Scientific American, 00368733, Dec2006, Vol. 295, Issue 6 Zimmer, C., (2005) Life on Mars? Smithsonian, 00377333, May2005, Vol. 36, Issue 2 How to cite Is there water and life on mars?, Essay examples

Asymmetric Information free essay sample

Asymmetric Information Introduction. The economics of information and incentives is a relatively new branch of microeconomics, in which much intriguing work is going on. This chapter shows you a sample of these problems and the way that economists think about them. 37. 1 (0) There are two types of electric pencil-sharpener producers. â€Å"High-quality† manufacturers produce very good sharpeners that consumers value at $14. â€Å"Low-quality† manufacturers produce less good ones that are valued at $8. At the time of purchase, customers cannot distinguish between a high-quality product and a low-quality product; nor can they identify the manufacturer. However, they can determine the quality of the product after purchase. The consumers are risk neutral; if they have probability q of getting a high-quality product and 1 ? q of getting a low-quality product, then they value this prospect at 14q + 8(1 ? q). Each type of manufacturer can manufacture the product at a constant unit cost of $11. 50. All manufacturers behave competitively. Suppose that the sale of low-quality electric pencil-sharpeners is illegal, so that the only items allowed to appear on the market are of high quality. What will be the equilibrium price? $11. 50. (b) Suppose that there were no high-quality sellers. How many low-quality sharpeners would you expect to be sold in equilibrium? Sellers won’t sell for less than $11. 50, consumers won’t pay that much for low-quality product. So in equilibrium there would be no sales. (c) Could there be an equilibrium in which equal (positive) quantities of the two types of pencil sharpeners appear in the market? No. Average willingness to pay would be $11, which is less than the cost of production. So there would be zero trade. 454 ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION (Ch. 37) (d) Now we change our assumptions about the technology. Suppose that each producer can choose to manufacture either a high-quality or a low-quality pencil-sharpener, with a unit cost of $11. 50 for the former and $11 for the latter, what would we expect to happen in equilibrium? No trade. Producers would produce the low-quality product since it has a lower production cost. If all producers produce low-quality output, costs will be $11 and the willingness-to-pay for low quality is $8. Assuming that each producer is able to make the production choice described in the last question, what good would it do if the government banned production of low-quality electric pencil-sharpeners? If there is no ban, there will be no output and no consumers’ surplus. If low-quality products are banned, then in equilibrium there is output surplus. 37. 2 (0) In West Bend, Indiana, there are exactly two kinds of workers. One kind has a (constant) marginal product worth $10 and the other kind has a (constant) marginal product worth $15. There are equal numbers of workers of each kind. Arm cannot directly tell the diference between the two kinds of workers. Even after it has hired them, it won’t be able to monitor their work closely enough to determine which workers are of which type. (a) If the labor market is competitive, workers will be paid the average value of their marginal product. This amount is and positive consumers’ $12. 50. (b) Suppose that the local community college o? ers a microeconomics course in night school, taught by Professor M. De Sade. The highproductivity workers think that taking this course is just as bad as a $3 wage cut, and the low-productivity workers think it is just as bad as a $6 wage cut. T In the old days, there was no way to distinguish the two types of labor, so everyone was paid the same wage. If labor markets were competitive, what was this wage? $1,500 456 ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION (Ch. 37) (a) A professor who loves to talk o? ered to give a free monthly lecture on macroeconomics and personal hygiene to the employees of one small ? rm. These lectures had no e? ect on productivity, but both Klutzes and Kandos found them to be excruciatingly dull. To a Klutz, each hour’s lecture was as bad as losing $100. To a Kando, each hour’s lecture was as bad as losing $50. Suppose that the ? rm gave each of its employees a pay raise of $55 a month but insisted that he attend the professor’s lectures. What would happen to the ? rm’s labor force? All Klutzes terms. happen would leave. Kandos would stay on. More Kandos could be hired at these to the average productivity of the ? rm’s employees? Klutzes would not accept job. What would $1,000from $1,500 to $2,500. Rise by (b) Other ? rms noticed that those who had listened to the professor’s lectures were more productive than those who had not. So they tried to bid them away from their original employer. Since all those who agreed to listen to the original lecture series were Kandos, their wage was bid up to $2,500. (c) After observing the â€Å"e? ect of his lectures on labor productivity,† the professor decided to expand his e? orts. He found a huge auditorium where he could lecture to all the laborers in Enigma who would listen to him. If employers believed that listening to the professor’s lectures improved productivity by the improvement in productivity in the ? rst small ? rm and o? ered bonuses for attending the lectures accordingly, who would attend the lectures? Everybody. Having observed this outcome, how much of a wage premium would ? rms pay for those who had attended the professor’s lectures? 0. (d) The professor was disappointed by the results of his big lecture and decided that if he gave more lectures per month, his pupils might â€Å"learn more. † So he decided to give a course of lectures for 20 hours a month. Would there now be an equilibrium in which the Kandos all took his course and none of the Klutzes took it and where those who took the course were paid according to their true productivity? Yes. If  those who take the course get $2,500 and people who do not get $1,000 a month, then Kandos would take the course, since the NAME 457 pain of 20 hours of lecture costs $1,000, but the wage premium is $1,500. Klutzes the pain would not take the course, since wage premium is $1,500. 15 hours of lectures costs $2,000 a month and the (e) What is the smallest number of hours the professor could lecture and still maintain a separating equilibrium? 37. 4 (1) Old MacDonald produces hay. He has a single employee, Jack. If Jack works for x hours he can produce x bales of hay. Each bale of hay sells for $1. The cost to Jack of working x hours is c(x) = x2 /10. (a) What is the e? cient number of bales of hay for Jack to cut? 5. (b) If the most that Jack could earn elsewhere is zero, how much would MacDonald have to pay him to get him to work the e? cient amount? 52 /10 = $2. 50. (c) What is MacDonald’s net pro? t? 5 ? 2. 50 = $2. 50. (d) Suppose that Jack would receive $1 for passing out lea? ets, an activity that involves no e? ort whatsoever. How much would he have to receive from MacDonald for producing the e? cient number of bales of hay? Suppose now that the opportunity for passing out lea? ets is no longer available, but that MacDonald decides to rent his hay? eld out to Jack for a ? at fee. How much would he rent it for? $2. 50. 37. 5 (0) In Rustbucket, Michigan, there are 200 people who want to sell their used cars. Everybody knows that 100 of these cars are â€Å"lemons† and 100 of these cars are â€Å"good. † The problem is that nobody except the original owners know which are which. Owners of lemons will be happy to get rid of their cars for any price greater than $200. Owners of good used cars will be willing to sell them for any price greater than $1,500, but will keep them if they can’t get $1,500. There are a large number of buyers who would be willing to pay $2,500 for a good used car, but would pay only $300 for a lemon. When these buyers are not sure of the quality of the car they buy, they are willing to pay the expected value of the car, given the knowledge they have. 458 ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION (Ch. 37) (a) If all 200 used cars in Rustbucket were for sale, how much would buyers be willing to pay for a used car? $1,400. Would owners  of good used cars be willing to sell their used cars at this price? Would there be an equilibrium in which all used cars are sold? Describe the equilibrium that would take place in Rustbucket. No. No. Good car owners won’t sell. sell. Lemon owners will Price of a used car will be $300. (b) Suppose that instead of there being 100 cars of each kind, everyone in town is aware that there are 120 good cars and 80 lemons. How much would buyers be willing to pay for a used car? $1,620. Would owners of good used cars be willing to sell their used cars at this price? Yes. Yes.sold? Would there be an equilibrium in which all used cars are sold? Would there be an equilibrium in which only the lemons were Describe the possible equilibrium or equilibria that would Yes. take place in Rustbucket. One equilibrium has all cars sold at a price of $1,620. There is also an equilibrium where only the lemons are sold. 37. 6 (1) Each year, 1,000 citizens of New Crankshaft, Pennsylvania, sell their used cars and buy new cars. The original owners of the old cars have no place to keep second cars and must sell them. These used cars vary a great deal in quality. Their original owners know exactly what is good and what is bad about their cars, but potential buyers can’t tell them apart by looking at them. Lamentably, though they are in other respects model citizens, the used-car owners in New Crankshaft have no scruples about lying about their old jalopies. Each car has a value, V , which a buyer who knew all about its qualities would be willing to pay. There is a very large number of potential buyers, any one of which would be willing to pay $V for a car of value $V. The distribution of values of used cars on the market is quite simply described. In any year, for any V between 0 and $2,000, the number of used cars available for sale that are worth less than $V is V /2. Potential used-car buyers are all risk-neutral. That is if they don’t know the value of a car for certain, they value it at its expected value, given the information they have. NAME 459 Rod’s Garage in New Crankshaft will test out any used car and ? nd its true value V . Rod’s Garage is known to be perfectly accurate and perfectly honest in its appraisals. The only problem is that getting an accurate appraisal costs $200. People with terrible cars are not going to want to pay $200 to have Rod tell the world how bad their cars are. But people with very good cars will be willing to pay Rod the $200 to get their cars appraised, so they can sell them for their true values. Let’s try to ? gure our exactly how the equilibrium works, which cars get appraised, and what the unappraised cars sell for. (a) If nobody had their car appraised, what would the market price for used cars in North Crankshaft be and what would be the total revenue received by used-car owners for their cars? They’d  all sell for $1,000 for total revenue of $1,000,000. (b) If all the cars that are worth more than $X are appraised and all the cars that are worth less than $X are sold without appraisal, what will the market price of unappraised used cars be? (Hint: What is the expected value of a random draw from the set of cars worth less than $X? ) $X/2. (c) If all the cars that are worth more than $X are appraised and all the cars that are worth less than $X are sold without appraisal, then if your car is worth $X, how much money would you have left if you had it appraised and then sold it for its true value? How much money would you get if you sold it without having it appraised? $X/2. (d) In equilibrium, there will be a car of marginal quality such that all cars better than this car will be appraised and all cars worse than this car will be sold without being appraised. The owner of this car will be just indi? erent between selling his car unappraised and having it appraised. What will be the value of this marginal car? Solve X/2 = X ? 200 to get X = $400. (e) In equilibrium, how many cars will be sold unappraised and what will they sell for? The worst 200 cars will be will sell for $200. In equilibrium, what will be the total net revenue of all owners of used cars, after Rod’s Garage has been paid for its appraisals? $1, 000, 000 ? 800 ? 200 = 840, 000. 37. 7 (2) In Pot Hole, Georgia, 1,000 people want to sell their used cars. These cars vary in quality. Original owners know exactly what their cars are worth. All used cars look the same to potential buyers until they have bought them; then they ? nd out the truth. For any number X between 0 and 2,000, the number of cars of quality lower than X is X/2. If a car is of quality X, its original owner will be willing to sell it for any price greater than X. If a buyer knew that a car was of quality X, she would be willing to pay X + 500 for it. When buyers are not sure of the quality of a car, they are willing to pay its expected value, given their knowledge of the distribution of qualities on the market. (a) Suppose that everybody knows that all the used cars in Pot Hole are for sale. What would used cars sell for? $1,500. No. Would every Which used used car owner be willing to sell at this price? cars would appear on the market?

Principles of Marketing Assignment (Mktd101) free essay sample

MKTD101 Principles of Marketing Assignment 1: Overview For Assignment 1, which is worth 5% of your entire module mark, the student will have to choose a company that is marketing a product given in the list below. The student should research and write about the Marketing Environment the company operates in. Specific Instructions: ? ? ? The student should aim to write an essay of about 400 words (Â ±50) on the topic. All answers must be typed in Times New Roman font size 12, with single spacing, and 1inch margins. Remember to fill in the following details in the cover page: o Subject code title o Tutor name o Tutorial group o Student Name ID number o Title of your product/company o Deadline for the assignment (i. e. the day of your tutorial) The student should choose to write about only ONE of the following (the company that markets any of the products listed below): o Smartphone o Car o Computer/laptop o Digital camera ? Hand-in Instructions You will each be expected to individually submit a hardcopy of your assignment in class during the tutorial for the week of 15th to 19th August, 2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Marketing Assignment (Mktd101) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will need to attach the hand-in assignment cover page to your course work. Assignment 1: Assessment Criteria One (1) mark each will be given for identifying and describing the factors related to the company/product as follows: The company’s microenvironment; the demographic environment; the economic and technological environment; the natural, political and social environment; the cultural environment. Assignment 1: Analyzing the Marketing Environment (Cover page) Subject code title: Tutor Name: Student Name ID Number: Title of product/company: Deadline for the assignment: (Day), (date), (month), (year) Tutorial group: (Contents) 1. Choose a product from the list given. Identify and describe the micro and macro environmental factors that affect the company that markets that product. Hints: State the name of the company and the specific product. What are the specific factors in the micro and macro environment that may have contributed to the success or problems of the company/product? 2. Write out the full Harvard reference for the paper you have written. E. g. Kotler, P Armstrong, G, 2012, Principles of Marketing, 14 ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Refer to this URL for more guidance: http://library. taylors. edu. my/taylor_customize/Information_Skills/Reference/reference_mainpa ge. htm th 3. State the word count at the end of the essay in parentheses. E. g. (439 words)

Role Of Women In Canterbury Tales Essays - The Canterbury Tales

Role of Women in Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer serves as a moral manual for the 1300's and years after. Through the faults of both men and woman, he shows in each persons story what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look and woman and how they cause for the downfall of men. ?The Knight's Tale? is one of chivalry and upstanding moral behavior. However, beneath the surface lies the theme of the evil nature of women. Emily plays the part of the beautiful woman who captivates the hearts of two unsuspecting men. Those two men are cousins Arcite and Palamon, both knights who duel for Emily's hand in marriage. The two start out as the best of friends and then roommates in a jail cell that is to be shared for eternity. But with one look at Emily, the two start bickering instinctively and almost come to blows over something they will never be able to have, or so it seems. Chaucer's knack for irony revels itself as Arcite is released from his life sentence but disallowed from ever coming back to Athens. He would be killed ever caught within the city again by King Theseus. Because Arcite is doomed to never again see Emily, his broken heart causes him sickness as he's weakened by love. It is only after he comes up with the plan of returning to Athens under an assumed name that he starts to get better. Meanwhile, Palamon remains back in captivity, rendered helpless due to his lifelong punishment in prison. He knows that he will never be able to talk to Emily and certainly not marry her because of his plight. All he can do is watch her from a distance and admire her beauty. Arcite believes that this is a better punishment than his, though, as he says: ?O dere cosin Palamon, quod he, Thyn is the victorie of this aventure Ful blisfully in prison maistow dure; In prison? Certes nay, but in paradys! Wel hath fortuen y-turned thee the dys, That hast the sighte of hir, and I th'adsence. ? But I, that am exyled and bareyne Of alle grace, and in so greet despeir, That ther nis erthe, water, fyr, ne eir, Ne creature, that of hem maked is, That may me helpe or doon confort in this: Wel oughte I sterve in wanhope and distresse; Farwel my lyf, my lust, and my gladnesse!? (58 and 60) Emily has caused him such distress that he cries all the time and contemplates killing himself so he won't have to feel this every day pain that appears to have no end. All of this because of a woman. Emily is a sweet, innocent woman of her times. In a strange twist for a woman of The Canterbury Tales, she is perfectly happy alone and doesn't ever want to be married. Yet, Palamon and Arcite duel twice for Emily's love and Arcite ends up losing his life all because of her. Palamon, winning her by default, serves Emily faithfully for several years before she agrees to marry him, still not loving him, though. No one wins in ?The Knight's Tale,? but it is the two men who fight over the woman who lose the most. The ?Nun's Priest's Tale? is perhaps the best representation of men's downfall due to the influence of women. The story revolves around a rooster, Chauntercleer, the most beautiful cock in all of England with the sweetest voice an any ear has heard. He has seven wives but his favorite was Pertelote, an elegant hen in her own right. It is this woman, this female, that causes Chauntercleer great trouble. One night Chauntercleer wakes suddenly from a bad dream. Seemingly seeking comfort in her, he tells Pertelot about the dream which involves a wild, rampant dog with beady eyes coming after Chauntercleer. But instead of consoling her ?husband?, she challenges his manhood and says that no man hers should be scared of a dream. This causes Chauntercleer to go off on a tangent about the many, many times in history dreams have predicted the future and how non-believers suffered the consciences of not taking the proper precautions. After he done, however, he says that Pertelot is probably

History Revisited essays

History Revisited essays There are three strong similarities between the Salem witch-hunts that appear in The Crucible and the exposing of communists by the McCarthy terror. These three similarities are the accusation of innocent people, the power of Danforth and McCarthy, and the fear of individuals in Salem and in the United States. During the Salem witch trials, one could accuse an innocent person of being a witch without any evidence. As a result, if people denied they were witches, then they were executed. If individuals agreed and confessed they were witches, then they would not be hung. Many people compare these witch trials of Salem to the United States in the 1950s. During this time, Joseph McCarthy was a United States Senator. McCarthy was possibly the strongest anti-Communist in the United States congress. Many people during this time were accused of being communists or even sympathizing for them. As a result, if individuals refused to answer certain questions, then they were treated as if they were guilty and were excluded from certain jobs. Danforth and McCarthy were both powerful people of their time. Danforth was the Deputy Governor of Massachusetts. He presided over the witch trials and was just as concerned about maintaining his image as he was about exposing sin. McCarthy was an American politician. He was an incredible person whose mere presence could be overpowering. He held public hearings in which he accused army officials, members of the media, and public figures of being Communists. His charges were never proved and in 1954 the Senate censured him. Due to lack of hard evidence, the hunt for Communists ended abruptly just as the Salem witch trials. McCarthy and Danforth were both overpowering and zealous in their pursuit. The people in Salem, Massachusetts did not feel safe or secure. Fourteen women and five men were hanged. Many people confessed to being witches so they would n ...

Marketing mix stimuli (including products, brands, advertisements, Essay

Marketing mix stimuli (including products, brands, advertisements, packaging, point-of-purchase display) are designed and manage - Essay Example In marketing a product, a marketer will always have to look at the four Ps of marketing and make sure that all the four Ps have been well considered and addressed. The four Ps Product The seller must look at the product and make sure it meets consumers’ needs. The product is the centre of the marketing strategy because it is the eventual interest f he customer. According to Belohlavek (2008, p. 15), the product is extremely influential in the marketing mix because it is the ultimate way in which the firm will deliver value and worth to the consumer. Produce development should therefore be the first point at which the marketing mix begins because the customers can only be willing to buy products that they think or know provide them with the value for their money. Price Every product has its price at which it is delivered to consumers. In this regard, the price of the product is an extremely beneficial aspect of marketing because it affects consumer behavior and decisions. It is itself affected by so many other factors such as culture, consumer attitudes and economic factors. Pricing is hugely valuable because the right pricing can give the firm a long term success while the wrong pricing strategy ca lead to the firm dying from the market. Place This refers to the availability of the product. Having the right product will not help the firm unless and until the brand is in the convenient place at the proper timing. Place plays a particularly significant role in the way the brand and its producer will be successful in the market place. It is therefore, every necessary to ensure that the brand is available to the target market to make sure users can conveniently access the product every time they need it. This increases the sales of the product as well as improving the user awareness of the product thus making it endeared to the consumers. Promotion To boost sales and deal with competition, promotion of the product becomes exceedingly prominent and makings su re has visibility is hugely crucial. There are a number of ways that any marketer or any firm scan use to expand the market. Promotion is communication with the potential and existing customers to enlighten them about the brand and its advanatages. One can use all of the possible methods such as internet, mass media, print media and any other available channel to communicate with consumers. Case: Apple and iPhone One of the firms that have been able to take care of the marketing mix is the American technology firm, Apple Inc. Apple Inc. produces a number of technology product from cell phones, table computes, laptop computers, desktop computers and including consumer software. However, for the purposes of this paper, the iPhone will be the only product considered. However, Apple has been able to apply the marketing mix for all its products and thus creating a tremendous success for its products. Product With regard to its product, Apple Inc. has been able to understand its industry in an exceptionally clear way so as to deliver a product that resonates with the needs of the consumers. Instead of being reactive to the market conditions, Apple Inc. is one of the fewest firms in the world that decided to be proactive in the way it meets consumers’ needs. It always delivers a product that is ahead of other firms in the same industry. This has enabled the

The influence and effects of JSR-170 on the Content Management Essay

The influence and effects of JSR-170 on the Content Management Industry - Essay Example For example business departments turning content into assets, that thus becomes a monetary value for the enterprise. The ECM market is rapidly growing. Regan (2005) quotes a Gartner study that estimates the value of ECM software at $2.5 billion by end of 2006 while Forrester are predicting 19% growth per annum to reach a value of $4 billion by 2008. The ECM market is predicted to rapidly grow in the next few years and will in all likelihood outstrip the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) market (Dschner et al, 2005). The content is currently locked in proprietary repositories or databases that only allow access with custom APIs. Attempting to have an application that can access information from different repositories is expensive since the application has to implement all the different combinations of repository APIs. As a consequence information that should be integrated remains isolated. This leads to vendor lock-in because the costs of changing a CM-vendor are high. The need for content access standards is obvious yet the content management industry has struggled to solve this problem. "[T]he ECM pure-play and infrastructure vendors are currently pushing their proprietary content repositories, hoping to grab as much market share as possible from rivals" (McNabb and Moore, 2005). Developing custom applications and services on top of a single vendor's proprietary API is an enterprise investment risk. Over time it is possible to lose the investment when the vendor goes out of business. That risk can be mitigated (but not entirely eliminated) through open standards, methodologies or documentation. The Java Specification Requests (JSRs) are documents within the Java Community Process (JCP) for defining new standards for the Java language. JSR-170, whose final version was released on June 17 2005, is expected to solve the above mentioned problem. It offers a standard, vendor-independent API to access data from a content repository and allows the required data flexibility that is needed for ECM to support additional business processes or applications. The concept of JSR-170 is explained in one sentence: "[JSR-170] specifies a standard API to access content repositories in Java 2 independently of implementation" (Nscheler, 2005) A proposed standard can only emerge to a standard if it is widely accepted and supported by the vendors and requested by clients of content management systems. The obvious problem is that while the standard is new not all vendors will have it implemented. This is akin to solving the proverbial problem of what comes first the chicken or the egg. With the standard not implemented the critical mass of customers demanding the implementation of the standard will not be easily achieved. The clients must first be aware of the new

Steeple Analysis Of UK Supermarket

Steeple Analysis Of UK Supermarket The UK supermarket industry is the fastest growing sector of the UK economy that has made a great contribution to its economic development. Currently, the supermarket industry employs more than 1.1 million people and contributes more than 8% to the UK GDP (Euromonitor International, 2010). In every business environment, macro analysis is important to identify the factors that can hamper operations of organisations progress in the industry. STEEPLE (Social, Technological, Environmental, Economic, Political, Legal and Ethical) analysis is amongst the most effective tools that are used to monitor changes taking place in the environment of the business (Brown, 2007; Griffith Harmgart, 2008); the analysis is done to identify all important factors that can have a significant impact on any organisation operating in the UK supermarket industry. Li (2008) and Vasquez-Nicholson (2011) emphasized that Morrison PLC is a dominant brand in the UK supermarket industry as it derives its competitive edge by doing STEEPLE analysis frequently. It has successfully achieved its target market size by exploiting all strengths and availing opportunities present in its external environment. STEEPLE Analysis of UK Supermarket Every market is significantly impacted by both micro and macro environmental factors, but macro environmental factors have more influence on operational activities of a business (Jarett, 2012). Each factor of STEEPLE analysis with its relation to the UK supermarket industry is discussed below: Social Analysis The current trends of consumers in the UK market depict that they are moving from one stop shopping to a bulk buying mode as there are various social changes happening in the country. Supermarkets have availability of various non-food items which are usually on sale in the market. There have been demographic changes because there is an increase in old people, the number of female workers is increasing, and there is a significant reduction in homemade meals (Davis and Relly, 2009). There is more emphasis on the private label share of every business mix, efficiency in supply chain, and improvements in operational activities so that the overall cost of business is reduced. Most of the retail giants in UK are now shifting to local suppliers for their purchases and stock requirements (Vasquez-Nicholson, 2011; Waterman, 2007). In addition, consumers demand of products and services has changed because of their social conditioning along with their beliefs and attitudes (Lyan, 2007). Technological Analysis Technological developments have enhanced the service level of supermarkets in UK as they have benefitted both consumers and companies. With the help of technological gadgets, products are available quickly, personalized services are offered to customers and shopping has become convenient (Akter, 2012). The major systems that have enhanced UK supermarkets functioning are Electronic Point of Sale, Efficient Consumer Response, Electronic scanners and Electronic Funds Transfer System; these systems have assisted in efficient distribution and merchandizing activities so that requirements of each company are effectively communicated on time to the supplier (Grugulis, Bozkurt and Clegg, 2010). Environmental Analysis All organisations have to show that they engage in environment friendly activities; there is increased pressure on various managers and companies for acknowledging their social responsibility and they are required to behave in a beneficial way for the society (Smith, 2004). In the UK supermarket industry, the main issue at hand is that food retailers have to demonstrate that they conduct their operations in ways that are beneficial for the society as a whole and that is why every leading supermarket has taken initiatives to show their Corporate Social Responsibility promise. Even the UK government has launched a strategy for consumption in a sustainable manner and made mandatory changes in production methods to cut down waste, reduce resource consumption that produces harmful gases or particles which can cause pollution, and minimize damage to the environment (Trail, 2006). Economic Analysis The main factors to be studied in economic analysis are demands, costs, prices, profits, inflation, unemployment, interest rates and fluctuation in exchange rates along with various micro economic factors such as labour availability, product market, competitive structure and nature of competition. Considering the UK economys performance in 2012, its GDP growth rate is 1%, CPI rate is 2.2 %, unemployment rate is 7.9% and the current balance of payments is account deficit of GBP 2.8 billion (Trading Economics, 2012). Micro Economic Analysis Since international businesses of these supermarkets are growing, they are likely to get affected by reduction in the demand of UK food market and there is an increased exposure to risk of market concentration. There is immense pressure on existing companies to make sure that every factor is well studied so that all resources are effectively utilized. The Product Market All supermarkets have been developed with providing one stop buying facility and they have provided a wide range of options to the customers. Nowadays, people are looking for healthy and nutritious food so that they remain fit and healthy; the demand of organic foods has increased and customers are looking for easy access to these food items. The supermarkets are now placing these food items in their outlets to respond to their customer demands. The Labour Market As the number of supermarkets is increasing in UK, there is a huge requirement for workforce that can provide services to customers with perfection. Since skills required for performing necessary tasks are of a lower level, people with minimum education can easily find a job in this market. The labour availability is high as people have many jobs available in this field. Also, the demand of products is increasing, so supermarkets have added huge variations in each category. Competitive Structure In UK, the supermarket industry is believed to be an oligopoly market, which is highly competitive; there are four main firms in this industry, i.e. Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrison, which have more than 75% of the overall market share (Jarett, 2012). The pricing is almost the same, so customers are able to buy the products they need within their affordable range. Nature of Competition The nature of competition is getting intensified: the number of competitors is increasing because other companies are entering this field, such as Waitrose, Marks Spencer and many more (Seely, 2012). Political and Legal Analysis The political parties in UK are taking aggressive steps to protect the small shops and stores in the country so that their business does not close down; they have imposed many restrictions on the supermarkets so that a fair and competitive environment is created in the grocery industry. The Office of Fair Trading and the Competition Commission are the two main bodies that ensure that supermarkets do not create monopoly and offer fair prices to the customers. Recently, the government has relaxed UK Sunday Trading Laws for benefits of the employees and introduced a new style of food labelling so that shoppers in the supermarket can make healthy choices. Since obesity is the primary issue in the UK population, there is a growing trend of organic and healthy food and various initiatives are being taken by the government to create awareness of eating healthy and nutritious food. The government has also passed the laws for reducing the usage of single carrier plastic bags so that the environment is protected from any kind of pollution. Ethic Analysis In the UK supermarket industry, each company has to ensure that its business operations are conducted in accordance with the ethical standards. The sector is assumed by law to be observing ethical behaviour and conduct business practices in accordance with corporate governance. Every organisation has to ensure that it conducts its practices with integrity, transparency, accountability and honesty (Nicholls and Opal, 2005). Linkage of STEEPLE Analysis with Morrison PLC STEEPLE analysis plays an important role in identifying all important factors that are impacting Morrison PLC, but the most important factors are social, economic and legal ones. The social factors are of utmost importance because every company exists to serve its customers; it is important to understand their changing trends so that products and services are modified accordingly. Likewise, analysis of economic factors gives an idea of economic condition along with spending power of customers; with the help of these factors, it can decide on its operational activities and further expansion plans. Since legislation is a mandatory part of every business environment, Morrison will have to ensure that it follows all rules and regulations to ensure compliance with the legislative framework; in case any rule is broken, a heavy penalty will be charged, which can be costly for the company. Hence, these three factors are the most important areas of concern for Morrison PLC. Importance of Human Resource Management in Supermarkets HRM is an integral part of every business organisation, and it is important for them to have a highly skilled and motivated workforce that will assist them in achieving their desired goals and move successfully ahead in the industry (Torrington, Hall and Taylor, 2008). Following are the two examples of importance of HRM in the UK supermarket industry: Tesco Tesco is among the largest supermarkets of UK that employs more than 326,000 people and has been earning a consistent stream of revenue in the last couple of years (Euromonitor International, 2010). The company has done a competitive analysis to improve the ways in which interaction is done with customers. In order to enhance its position in the supermarket industry of UK, it has used concepts of welfare management, continuous improvement and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) along with well designed HRM strategies. The employees are treated as champions and are even rewarded for their extraordinary achievements; they are involved in decision making process as well. All of these interactive initiatives enhanced employees satisfaction level, motivation and productivity along with acceptance to change and have high morale for work. In order to ensure that Tesco provides a favourable working environment to its employees, it has properly implemented all important laws that will ensure employees are given their rights. For instance, they are given competent compensation packages, working environment is conducive, preventive measures are taken to provide healthy and a safe environment, and equal job opportunities and various other benefits are given (Freeman, 2009). In order to ensure that everyone is given the best employment opportunities, it is important for Tesco to conduct market analysis on an ongoing basis. It seeks help from marketing agencies that evaluate environment and ensure that they design competent compensation packages. By focusing on efficient development of its workforce, Tesco has been able to gain a competitive edge in the market. The satisfaction surveys of employees have shown that they are satisfied with their working environment and they will remain loyal to the company forever. With the help of a participative management culture, Tesco has been able to identify its weak areas and has successfully made the required changes so that overall performance of the company improves (Grugulis, Bozkurt and Clegg, 2010). Sainsburys When Sainsburys noticed that its sales were declining and it was unable to achieve its target market share, it decided to do its competitive analysis, which meant doing both internal and external analysis. The main problem highlighted in the analysis was that it lacked a competent and loyal workforce and there was misalignment between the organisation strategy and the companys overall strategy. There was a lot of miscommunication in the organisation as employees had lack of clarity about their jobs and how they were supposed to make contribution in the company. Overall, its HR department was not functioning smoothly as the right workforce was not employed at that time (Fox and Vorley 2004; Li, 2008). The foremost thing that was required was to change the culture of the organisation and it was made possible by receiving top management support. The code of conduct along with HR policies and regulations were distributed to employees so that they were aware of new rules and regulations that they had to abide by; job descriptions were changed to match demands of every position. Sainsburys even did a market survey to identify HR structures of its competitors and also compensation packages that should be offered to employees. After planning of HRM, it was implemented properly and monitored at small intervals to check its progress; six months later, Sainsburys observed an upward trend in its sales figures, along with an improved satisfaction level of employees. The company made changes in its recruitment and selection, training and developments, compensation and benefits and performance appraisal processes so that everything in HRM was well-integrated. Conclusion In order to be competitive in todays supermarket industry, companies have to make sure that they do analysis of their internal and external environments on an ongoing basis so that they have the latest information about things that are happening in their surroundings. Although STEEPLE analysis is important for identifying the factors which have a tendency of influencing the working environment of supermarkets, equally important are their workforces as they are the ones who are in direct interaction with customers. The main factor affecting the supermarket industry of UK is the workforce as it is important for the supermarkets to employ people who are well-skilled and efficient in helping the companies in achieving their corporate objectives. Since the number of employees in this sector is increasing, there are more chances that the employment level increases and spending power of people is enhanced. Another important factor that needs to be addressed is the growing concern for a healthy lifestyle and food; the consumers are now shifting to organic food. Therefore, the supermarkets have to ensure that they have a specific range of products that are demanded by customers, so that they can ensure that they maintain their position in the market.